@article{Caprino2014,
title = {Peak shaving through real-time scheduling of household appliances },
author = {Caprino, Davide and Della Vedova, Marco L. and Facchinetti, Tullio},
journal = {Energy and Buildings},
pages = {133 - 148},
volume = {75},
year = {2014},
number = {0},
abstract = {Abstract The problem of limiting the peak load of the power consumed by a set of electric loads has been largely addressed in over 5 decades of research on power systems. The motivation of such attention arises from the benefits that a smoother load profile brings to the management of power systems. This paper illustrates an approach to the peak shaving problem that leverages the real-time scheduling discipline to coordinate the activation/deactivation of a set of loads. The real-time scheduling is an active research topic in the field of computing systems. The innovative idea proposed in this paper is to apply existing real-time scheduling algorithms and analysis methods to the management of power loads. This solution requires an adequate modeling of considered devices in order to derive a representation in terms of timing parameters. The modeling approach enables the handling of a set of heterogeneous loads in a coordinated manner. In particular, this paper focuses on the modeling and management of household appliances. For this purpose, a set of the most common appliances is modeled and their activation is controlled by the proposed scheduling policy. Realistic assumptions are made on the daily usage of each device. The derived results show an effective and predicable reduction of the peak load while guaranteeing the user comfort associated with the load operation. The peak load of a single apartment is reduced by the 8% in the average case and by the 41% w.r.t. the worst-case. Considering the coalition of several apartments, the scheduling approach achieves a peak load reduction up to 46%. },
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.02.013},
issn = {0378-7788},
keywords = {Real-time},
owner = {della},
timestamp = {2015.01.05},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778814001248}
}
@phdthesis{DellaVedova2013b,
title = {Real-Time Physical Systems and Electric Load Scheduling},
author = {Della Vedova, Marco L.},
school = {University of Pavia},
year = {2013},
address = {Italy},
owner = {della},
pdf = {http://mldv.it/rtps/docs/dellavedova+2013+Real-Time_Physical_systems_and_Electric_Load_Scheduling.pdf},
timestamp = {2015.01.05}
}
@inproceedings{DellaVedova2011,
title = {Electric Loads as Real-Time tasks: an application of Real-Time Physical Systems},
author = {Della Vedova, Marco L. and Di Palma, Ettore and Facchinetti, Tullio},
booktitle = {7th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)},
year = {2011},
month = {July},
pages = {1117-1123},
doi = {10.1109/IWCMC.2011.5982697},
key = {RTPS, CPES, CPS, real-time, energy},
keywords = {concurrent computing tasks;cyber-physical energy systems;electric loads;electric power systems;peak load;power consumption;processing platforms;real-Time tasks;real-time physical systems;real-time scheduling algorithms;real-time scheduling theory;timely resource allocation;timing constraints;timing correctness;load management;power engineering computing;power systems;real-time systems;resource allocation;scheduling;},
location = {Istanbul, Turkey},
owner = {della},
timestamp = {2012.08.06}
}
@inproceedings{DellaVedova2013,
title = {Real-Time Scheduling for Peak Load Reduction in a Large Set of {HVAC} Loads},
author = {Della Vedova, Marco L. and Facchinetti, Tullio},
booktitle = {ENERGY 2013, The Third International Conference on Smart Grids, Green Communications and IT Energy-aware Technologies},
year = {2013},
address = {Lisbon, Portugal},
month = {March},
organization = {IARIA},
pages = {161-166},
abstract = {This paper presents a technique to predictably coordinate the activation of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems (HVACs) in order to limit the overall peak load of power consumption (peak shaving). The proposed solution represents a viable approach to the Demand-Side Management in the context of a smart grid for this type of loads. The coordination method performs a load shifting based on the discipline of real-time scheduling traditionally studied in the field of computing systems. With this approach, individual constraints on the temperature associated with the activation of each HVAC can be satisfied. The main advantage of the proposed technique is its low computational complexity, which allows to manage large sets of loads. A specific approach is proposed and evaluated to deal with large sets of loads by properly partitioning the load set into sub-sets (scheduling groups) that are scheduled independently from each other. Simulation results based on realistic parameters show that the peak load can be reduced by 35% in normal working conditions, and up to 60\% with respect to worst case situations, without affecting the comfort achieved by each HVAC.},
isbn = {978-1-61208-259-2},
keywords = {Real-time systems; Power system control; Scheduling; Demand-Side Management; Load shifting},
owner = {della},
timestamp = {2013.04.09}
}
@inproceedings{DellaVedova2012,
title = {Real-Time scheduling for industrial load management},
author = {Della Vedova, Marco L. and Facchinetti, Tullio},
booktitle = {Proceeding of the 2nd ENERGYCON Conference \& Exhibition},
year = {2012},
month = {September},
location = {Florence, Italy},
owner = {della},
tags = {cps-energy},
timestamp = {2013.04.16}
}
@inproceedings{DellaVedova2012b,
title = {Feedback Scheduling of Real-Time Physical Systems with Integrator Dynamics},
author = {Della Vedova, Marco L. and Facchinetti, Tullio},
booktitle = {Proceedings of 17th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)},
year = {2012},
month = {September},
location = {Krakow, Poland},
owner = {della},
tags = {cps-energy},
timestamp = {2013.02.12}
}
@inproceedings{DellaVedova2010,
title = {On real-time physical systems},
author = {Della Vedova, Marco L. and Ruggeri, Michele and Facchinetti, Tullio},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems (RTNS)},
year = {2010},
month = {November},
pages = {41--49},
location = {Toulouse, France},
owner = {della},
timestamp = {2012.08.06}
}
@inproceedings{Facchinetti2013,
title = {The Many Faces of Real-Time Scheduling Applied to Power Load Management},
author = {Facchinetti, Tullio},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Smart Grids, Green Communications and IT Energy-aware Technologie (Energy)},
year = {2013},
pages = {59--64},
__markedentry = {[della:]},
location = {Lisbon, Portugal},
owner = {della},
timestamp = {2015.01.05}
}
@inproceedings{Facchinetti2010b,
title = {Reducing the Peak Power through Real-Time Scheduling Techniques in Cyber-Physical Energy Systems},
author = {Tullio Facchinetti and Enrico Bini and Marko Bertogna},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Energy Aware Design and Analysis of Cyber Physical Systems (WEA-CPS)},
year = {2010},
month = {April},
location = {Stockolm, Sweden},
owner = {della},
tags = {cps-energy},
timestamp = {2013.04.18}
}
@article{Facchinetti2011,
title = {Real-Time Modeling for Direct Load Control in Cyber-Physical Power Systems},
author = {Facchinetti, Tullio and Della Vedova, Marco L.},
journal = {Industrial Informatics, IEEE Transactions on},
pages = {689 -698},
volume = {7},
year = {2011},
month = {nov.},
number = {4},
abstract = {This paper presents an innovative approach to use real-time scheduling techniques for the automation of electric loads in Cyber-Physical Power Systems. The goal is to balance the electric power usage to achieve an optimized upper bound on the power peak load, while guaranteeing specific constraints on the physical process controlled by the electric loads. Timing parameters derived from the scheduling discipline of real-time computing systems are used to model electric devices. Real-time scheduling algorithms can be exploited to achieve the upper bound by predictably and timely switching on/off the devices composing the electrical system. The paper shows the relevance of electric load balancing in power systems to motivate the use of real-time techniques to achieve predictability of electric loads scheduling. Real-Time Physical Systems (RTPS) are introduced as a novel modeling methodology of a physical system based on real-time parameters. They enable the use of traditional realtime system models and scheduling algorithms, with adequate adaptations, to manage loads activation/deactivation. The model of the physical process considered in this work is characterized by uncertainties that are compensated by a suitable feedback control policy, based on the dynamic adaptation of real-time parameter values. A number of relevant relationships between real-time and physical parameters are derived.},
doi = {10.1109/TII.2011.2166787},
issn = {1551-3203},
owner = {della},
timestamp = {2015.01.05}
}
@article{Facchinetti2011b,
title = {Real-Time Modeling for Direct Load Control in Cyber-Physical Power Systems},
author = {Facchinetti, Tullio and Della Vedova, Marco L.},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, special issue on Information Technology in Automation},
pages = {689-698},
volume = {7},
year = {2011},
month = {November},
number = {4},
doi = {10.1109/TII.2011.2166787},
issn = {1551-3203},
owner = {della},
publisher = {IEEE},
timestamp = {2012.08.06}
}
@inproceedings{Facchinetti2010,
title = {Real-Time Modeling and Control of a Cyber-Physical Energy System},
author = {Facchinetti, Tullio and Della Vedova, Marco L.},
booktitle = {Energy Aware Design and Analysis of Cyber Physical Systems (WEA-CPS), 2010 First International Workshop on},
year = {2010},
month = {Apr.},
owner = {della},
timestamp = {2015.01.05}
}
@inproceedings{Facchinetti2010c,
title = {Real-Time Modeling and Control of a Cyber-Physical Energy System},
author = {Facchinetti, Tullio and Della Vedova, Marco L.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Energy Aware Design and Analysis of Cyber Physical Systems (WEA-CPS)},
year = {2010},
month = {April},
location = {Stockolm, Sweden},
owner = {della},
timestamp = {2012.08.06}
}
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